g
-guionistas de cine (una pequeña lista)
...
Aunque el arte cinematográfico no se limita a la palabra ni al guión, desde luego, el cine (a excepción de experimentos audiovisuales o artísticos) necesita un guión, todo lo flexible y maleable que se quiera (o no, un guión férreo del que no se mueve ni se añade una coma) para empezar a rodar. La labor de los guionistas -bastantes veces adaptando obras de la literatura universal o el último éxito editorial de la temporada- es por tanto fundamental, hasta tal punto que suele decirse que un mal guión no hay quien lo estropee, aunque sí quien no le saque todo el partido posible, mientras que con un mal guión no hay genio que haga una buena película. Opiniones aparte sobre cuánto debe una película a un guión y cuánto a las interpretaciones, fotografía, habilidad del director, comentarios o decisiones de los productores y al azar, que también cuenta, lo que está claro es que los guionistas son importantes y merecen al menos esta pequeña lista. Merecen más, desde luego, y recomiendo consultar la bibliografía y el anexo.
.
guionistas
.
_A
Rafael Azcona (un guionista sin el que el cine no sería lo que es, y no sólo en España...)
James Agee (La reina de África / La noche del cazador)
Scott Alexander (Ed Wood / El escándalo de Larry Flint / Man on the moon)
Woody Allen (¿Qué tal gatita? / Sueños de un seductor / Toma el dinero y corre / Annie Hall / Manhattan / Interiores / Zelig / y sus más de 20 películas)
George Axelrod (Desayuno con diamantes)
Zoe Akins
Doris Anderson
Edna Anhalt
Alice Arlen
Gladys Atwaler
Álvaro del Amo
Darío Argento
Felix Adler
Nina Agadjanova
Julio Alejandro
Pedro Almodóvar
Robert Altman
Sergio Amidei
F.D. Andan
Jerzy Andrzejwski
Michelangelo Antonioni
Vicente Aranda
Alejandro Amenábar
_B
Charles Bennett (El agente secreto / Sabotaje)
Robert Benton (¿Qué me pasa doctor? / El día de los tramposos / Superman)
Walter Bernstein (La tapadera, 197? )
William Peter Blatty
Budd Boetticher (Dos mulas y una mujer)
Charles Brackett (La octava mujer de Barba Azul / Ninothchka / Bola de fuego / Días sin huella / El crepúsculo de los dioses)
Leigh Brackett (El sueño eterno / El largo adiós)
Richard Brooks (A sangre fría / Forajidos)
Gwen Bagni
Sally Benson
Adele Buffington
Elizabeth Burbridge
Icíar Bollaín
John L. Balderston
Juan Antonio Bardem
Frank Barhydt
Harry Behn
Arnold Belgar
Leonardo Benvenutti
Ingmar Bergman
Luis G. Berlanga
Piero di Bernardi
Bernardo Bertolucci
Giuseppe Bertolucci
Lajos Biro
De Witt Bodeen
Robert Bresson
Tod Browning
Clyde Bruckman
Sidney Buchanan
Luis Buñuel
Juanma Bajo Ulloa
Carlos Blanco
_C
Raymond Chandler (Perdición / Extraños en un tren)
Borden Chase (Tierras lejanas / Winchester 73)
Chris Columbus
Vera Caspay
Lenore Coffee
Adele Comandini
Dorothy Cooper
Olive Cooper
Betty Comden
Cuca Canals
Jean-Claude Carriére
Mario Camus
Isabel Coixet
_D
Delmer Daves (Tú y yo / El árbol del ahorcado)
Agustín Díaz Yanes
_E
Blake Edwards (La misteriosa dama de negro / Casino Royale, 1967)
Nora Ephron (Cuando Harry encontró a Sally)
Joe Eszterhas (La caja de música / Instinto básico)
José Ángel Esteban
_F
Jules Feiffer (Conocimiento carnal)
W.C. Fields
Samuel Fuller (Verbotten! / Perro blanco)
Jules Furthman (El forajido / Tener y no tener)
Fernando Fernán Gómez
Ángel Fernández-Santos
Ricardo Franco
_G
Gene Gauntier (Ben-Hur, 1930)
Edmund Goulding (El callejón de las almas perdidas)
Maggie Greenwald
Elinor Glyn
Yolanda García Serrano
Jorge Guerricaechevarría
Manuel Gutiérrez Aragón
Ángeles González Sinde
José Luis García Sánchez
Mateo Gil
_H
Ben Hecht
Joan Harrison (La dama desconocida)
Lilliam Hellman (La jauría humana)
Walter Hill (La huida)
John Huston (El sargento York / El extraño)
Aldoux Leonard Huxley (Más fuerte que el orgullo)
Binnie Hale
Lillie Hayward
Ann Harding
Jo Heims
Ethel Hill
Manuel Hidalgo
Thea Von Harbou
_I
Juan Luis Iborra
_J
Nunally Johnson
Jean-Pierre Jeunet
Joaquim Jordà
_K
Garson Kanin (La costilla de Adán)
Lawrence Kasdan
Burt Kennedy
Stephen King
Howard Koch (Casablanca / Carta de una desconocida)
Frances Kavanaugh
Dorothy Kingsley
Patricia Knop
_L
Arthur Laurents (La soga)
Charles Lederer (Luna nueva / Me siento rejuvenecer)
Ida Lupino (Pasión ciega)
Gladys Lehman
Isobel Lennart
Sonya Levien
Anita Loos
Elvira Lindo
Carlos López
Fernando León de Aranoa
Jeffrey Lewis
_M
Ben Maddow (La jungla de asfalto / Johny Guitar / Solo ante el peligro)
Daniel Mainwaing (también como Geofrey Holmes / Retorno al pasado)
Joseph Leo Mankiewicz (El enemigo público nº 1 / Julio César / Cleopatra / Eva al desnudo)
Richard Matheson (La caída de la casa Usher / El diablo sobre ruedas)
Elaine May
Mary Mc Call
Jeanie Macpherson
Beulah Marie Dix
Frances Marion
June Mathis
Melissa Mathison
Bess Meredyth
June Murfin
Nancy Meyers
Achero Mañas
Luis Marías
Manolo Matji
Robert McKee
Carl Mayer
Miguel Mihura
_N
_O
Dan O'Bannon (Alien, el octavo pasajero)
Czenci Ormonde
Joaquín Oristrell
_P
Jay Presson Allen (Marnie la ladrona / Cabaret)
Anna Hamilton Phelan
Dorothy Parker
Gertude Purcell
Juan Potau
Abraham Polonski
_Q
Elías Querejeta
_R
Alma Reville (39 escalones)
Marguerite Roberts (Ivanhoe / Valor de ley)
Robert Rossen (El extraño amor de Martha Ivers)
Judith Rascoe
Dorothy Reid
Elizabeth Reinhardt
Stephanie Rothman
Jean Rouverol Butler
Tom Rickman
Robert Riskin
_S
Paul Schrader (La última tentación de cristo)
Curt Siodmak (Yo anduve con un zombie / El hombre lobo)
Oliver Stone (Nacido el 4 de julio)
Preston Sturges (Los viajes de Sullivan / Las tres noches de Eva)
Doris Schoroeder
Kathyn Scola
Carol Sobieski
Edith Sommer
Carlos Saura
Gonzalo Suárez
Lola Salvador
Gardner Sullivan
_T
Daniel Taradash (Llamad a cualquier puerta / Encubridora)
Frank Tashlin (Rostro pálido / Venus era mujer)
Joan Tewkesbury
Caroline Thompson
Wanda Tuchock
Catherine Turney
Santiago Tabernero
Fernando Trueba
David Trueba
Robert Towne
_U
Imanol Uribe
_V
Virginia Van Upp (Gilda)
Salka Viertel (La reina Cristina de Suecia)
Erich von Stroheim (Muñecos infernales)
Agustín Villaronga
_W
James R. Webb (La conquista del Oeste)
Mae West (No soy ningún ángel / No es pecado)
Nathanael West (El día de la langosta)
Billy Wilder (Ninotchka / Bola de fuego / La octava mujer de Barba Azul / El apartamento / y muchas más)
Tennesse Williams (Baby Doll)
Luci Ward
Claudine West
Hagar Wilde
Mae West (No soy ningún ángel, con algunas de las frases más ardientes de la historia del cine)
_X
_Y
Dorothy Yost
Yu Hua
Dorothy Yost
Waldemar Young
Yoshikata Yoda
_Z
Cesare Zavattini
Benito Zambrano
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_
.
_bibliografía utilizada y/o interesante
-Diccionario de guionistas americanos, Carlos García Brusco (Ediciones J.C. - 2002)
-Matad al guionista... y acabaréis con el cine, Alicia Luna (Nuer Ediciones - 2000)
-Mujeres guionistas en Hollywood, Lizzie Francke (Laertes - 1996, original 1994)
-Guionistas en el cine español, Esteve Riambau y Casimiro Torreiro (Cátedra-Filmoteca Española, 1998)
-El guión, Robert McKee (Albe - 2002)
-100 años de cine, Augusto M. Torres (Alianza, 1995)
-Películas del cine mundial, Augusto M. Torres (Espasa, 2005)
:::
_internet
http://www.imdb.com/ (en inglés, internet movie data base)
:::
_anexo (lista de 101 guiones en wgaeast.com - enero 2007)
Esta lista de http://www.wgaeast.org/, asociación de guionistas americanos del este, es la más reciente elaborada hasta el momento y, como todas, es subjetiva, pero es interesante. El enlace original está en http://www.wgaeast.org/greatest_screenplays/2006/04/03/list/index.html
:::
1
CASABLANCA
Screenplay by Julius J. & Philip G. Epstein and Howard Koch. Based on the play "Everybody Comes to Rick's" by Murray Burnett and Joan Alison.
2
THE GODFATHER
Screenplay by Mario Puzo and Francis Ford Coppola. Based on the novel by Mario Puzo.
3
CHINATOWN
Written by Robert Towne
4
CITIZEN KANE
Written by Herman Mankiewicz and Orson Welles
5
ALL ABOUT EVE
Screenplay by Joseph L. Mankiewicz. Based on "The Wisdom of Eve," a short story and radio play by Mary Orr
6
ANNIE HALL
Written by Woody Allen and Marshall Brickman
7
SUNSET BLVD.
Written by Charles Brackett & Billy Wilder and D.M. Marshman Jr.
8
NETWORK
Written by Paddy Chayefsky
9
SOME LIKE IT HOT
Screenplay by Billy Wilder & I.A.L. Diamond. Based on "Fanfare of Love," a German film written by Robert Thoeren and M. Logan
10
THE GODFATHER II
Screenplay by Francis Ford Coppola and Mario Puzo. Based on Mario Puzo's novel "The Godfather"
11
BUTCH CASSIDY AND THE SUNDANCE KID
Written by William Goldman
12
DR. STRANGELOVE
Screenplay by Stanley Kubrick and Peter George and Terry Southern. Based on novel "Red Alert" by Peter George
13
THE GRADUATE
Screenplay by Calder Willingham and Buck Henry. Based on the novel by Charles Webb
14
LAWRENCE OF ARABIA
Screenplay by Robert Bolt and Michael Wilson. Based on the life and writings of Col. T.E. Lawrence
15
THE APARTMENT
Written by Billy Wilder & I.A.L. Diamond
16
PULP FICTION
Written by Quentin Tarantino. Stories by Quentin Tarantino & Roger Avary
17
TOOTSIE
Screenplay by Larry Gelbart and Murray Schisgal. Story by Don McGuire and Larry Gelbart
18
ON THE WATERFRONT
Screen Story and Screenplay by Budd Schulberg. Based on "Crime on the Waterfront" articles by Malcolm Johnson
19
TO KILL A MOCKINGBIRD
Screenplay by Horton Foote. Based on the novel by Harper Lee.
20
IT'S A WONDERFUL LIFE
Screenplay by Frances Goodrich & Albert Hackett & Frank Capra. Based on short story "The Greatest Gift" by Philip Van Doren Stern. Contributions to screenplay Michael Wilson and Jo Swerling
21
NORTH BY NORTHWEST
Written by Ernest Lehman
22
THE SHAWSHANK REDEMPTION
Screenplay by Frank Darabont. Based on the short story "Rita Hayworth and the Shawshank Redemption" by Stephen King
23
GONE WITH THE WIND
Screenplay by Sidney Howard. Based on the novel by Margaret Mitchell
24
ETERNAL SUNSHINE OF THE SPOTLESS MIND
Screenplay by Charlie Kaufman. Story by Charlie Kaufman & Michel Gondry & Pierre Bismuth.
25
THE WIZARD OF OZ
Screenplay by Noel Langley and Florence Ryerson and Edgar Allan Woolf. Adaptation by Noel Langley. Based on the novel by L. Frank Baum
26
DOUBLE INDEMNITY
Screenplay by Billy Wilder and Raymond Chandler. Based on the novel by James M. Cain
27
GROUNDHOG DAY
Screenplay by Danny Rubin and Harold Ramis. Story by Danny Rubin.
28
SHAKESPEARE IN LOVE
Written by Marc Norman and Tom Stoppard
29
SULLIVAN'S TRAVELS
Written by Preston Sturges
30
UNFORGIVEN
Written by David Webb Peoples
31
HIS GIRL FRIDAY
Screenplay by Charles Lederer. Based on the play "The Front Page" by Ben Hecht & Charles MacArthur
32
FARGO
Written by Joel Coen & Ethan Coen
33
THE THIRD MAN
Screenplay by Graham Greene. Story by Graham Greene. Based on the short story by Graham Greene.
34
THE SWEET SMELL OF SUCCESS
Screenplay by Clifford Odets and Ernest Lehman. From a novelette by Ernest Lehman
35
THE USUAL SUSPECTS
Written by Christopher McQuarrie
36
MIDNIGHT COWBOY
Screenplay by Waldo Salt. Based on the novel by James Leo Herlihy
37
THE PHILADELPHIA STORY
Screenplay by Donald Ogden Stewart. Based on the play by Philip Barry
38
AMERICAN BEAUTY
Written by Alan Ball
39
THE STING
Written by David S. Ward
40
WHEN HARRY MET SALLY
Written by Nora Ephron
41
GOODFELLAS
Screenplay by Nicholas Pileggi & Martin Scorsese. Based on book "Wise Guy" by Nicholas Pileggi.
42
RAIDERS OF THE LOST ARK
Screenplay by Lawrence Kasdan. Story by George Lucas and Philip Kaufman
43
TAXI DRIVER
Written by Paul Schrader
44
THE BEST YEARS OF OUR LIVES
Screenplay by Robert E. Sherwood. Based on novel "Glory For Me" by MacKinlay Kantor
45
ONE FLEW OVER THE CUCKOO'S NEST
Screenplay by Lawrence Hauben and Bo Goldman. Based on the novel by Ken Kesey
46
THE TREASURE OF THE SIERRA MADRE
Screenplay by John Huston. Based on the novel by B. Traven
47
THE MALTESE FALCON
Screenplay by John Huston. Based on the novel by Dashiell Hammett
48
THE BRIDGE ON THE RIVER KWAI
Screenplay by Carl Foreman and Michael Wilson. Based on the novel by Pierre Boulle
49
SCHINDLER'S LIST
Screenplay by Steven Zaillian. Based on the novel by Thomas Keneally
50
THE SIXTH SENSE
Written by M. Night Shyamalan
51
BROADCAST NEWS
Written by James L. Brooks
52
THE LADY EVE
Screenplay by Preston Sturges. Story by Monckton Hoffe
53
ALL THE PRESIDENT'S MEN
Screenplay by William Goldman. Based on the book by Carl Bernstein & Bob Woodward
54
MANHATTAN
Written by Woody Allen & Marshall Brickman
55
APOCALYPSE NOW
Written by John Milius and Francis Coppola. Narration by Michael Herr
56
BACK TO THE FUTURE
Written by Robert Zemeckis & Bob Gale
57
CRIMES AND MISDEMEANORS
Written by Woody Allen
58
ORDINARY PEOPLE
Screenplay by Alvin Sargent. Based on the novel by Judith Guest
59
IT HAPPENED ONE NIGHT
Screenplay by Robert Riskin. Based on the story "Night Bus" by Samuel Hopkins Adams
60
L.A. CONFIDENTIAL
Screenplay by Brian Helgeland & Curtis Hanson. Based on the novel by James Ellroy
61
THE SILENCE OF THE LAMBS
Screenplay by Ted Tally. Based on the novel by Thomas Harris
62
MOONSTRUCK
Written by John Patrick Shanley
63
JAWS
Screenplay by Peter Benchley and Carl Gottlieb. Based on the novel by Peter Benchley
64
TERMS OF ENDEARMENT
Screenplay by James L. Brooks. Based on the novel by Larry McMurtry
65
SINGIN' IN THE RAIN
Screen Story and Screenplay by Betty Comden & Adolph Green. Based on the song by Arthur Freed and Nacio Herb Brown
66
JERRY MAGUIRE
Written by Cameron Crowe
67
E.T. THE EXTRA-TERRESTRIAL
Written by Melissa Mathison
68
STAR WARS
Written by George Lucas
69
DOG DAY AFTERNOON
Screenplay by Frank Pierson. Based on a magazine article by P.F. Kluge and Thomas Moore
70
THE AFRICAN QUEEN
Screenplay by James Agee and John Huston. Based on the novel by C.S. Forester
71
THE LION IN WINTER
Screenplay by James Goldman. Based on the play by James Goldman
72
THELMA & LOUISE
Written by Callie Khouri
73
AMADEUS
Screenplay by Peter Shaffer. Based on his play.
74
BEING JOHN MALKOVICH
Written by Charlie Kaufman
75
HIGH NOON
Screenplay by Carl Foreman. Based on short story "The Tin Star" by John W. Cunningham
76
RAGING BULL
Screenplay by Paul Schrader and Mardik Martin. Based on the book by Jake La Motta with Joseph Carter and Peter Savage
77
ADAPTATION
Screenplay by Charlie Kaufman and Donald Kaufman. Based on the book "The Orchid Thief" by Susan Orlean
78
ROCKY
Written by Sylvester Stallone
79
THE PRODUCERS
Written by Mel Brooks
80
WITNESS
Screenplay by Earl W. Wallace & William Kelley. Story by William Kelley and Pamela Wallace & Earl W. Wallace
81
BEING THERE
Screenplay by Jerzy Kosinski. Inspired by the novel by Jerzy Kosinski
82
COOL HAND LUKE
Screenplay by Donn Pearce and Frank Pierson. Based on the novel by Donn Pearce.
83
REAR WINDOW
Screenplay by John Michael Hayes. Based on the short story by Cornell Woolrich
84
THE PRINCESS BRIDE
Screenplay by William Goldman. Based on his novel.
85
LA GRANDE ILLUSION
Written by Jean Renoir and Charles Spaak
86
HAROLD & MAUDE
Written by Colin Higgins
87
8 1/2
Screenplay by Federico Fellini, Tullio Pinelli, Ennio Flaiano, Brunello Rondi. Story by Fellini, Flaiano.
88
FIELD OF DREAMS
Screenplay by Phil Alden Robinson. Based on the book by W.P. Kinsella
89
FORREST GUMP
Screenplay by Eric Roth. Based on the novel by Winston Groom
90
SIDEWAYS
Screenplay by Alexander Payne & Jim Taylor. Based on the novel by Rex Pickett
91
THE VERDICT
Screenplay by David Mamet. Based on the novel by Barry Reed
92
PSYCHO
Screenplay by Joseph Stefano. Based on the novel by Robert Bloch
93
DO THE RIGHT THING
Written by Spike Lee
94
PATTON
Screen Story and Screenplay by Francis Ford Coppola and Edmund H. North. Based on "A Soldier's Story" by Omar H. Bradley and "Patton: Ordeal and Triumph" by Ladislas Farago
95
HANNAH AND HER SISTERS
Written by Woody Allen
96
THE HUSTLER
Screenplay by Sidney Carroll & Robert Rossen. Based on the novel by Walter Tevis
97
THE SEARCHERS
Screenplay by Frank S. Nugent. Based on the novel by Alan Le May
98
THE GRAPES OF WRATH
Screenplay by Nunnally Johnson. Based on the novel by John Steinbeck
99
THE WILD BUNCH
Screenplay by Walon Green and Sam Peckinpah. Story by Walon Green and Roy Sickner
100
MEMENTO
Screenplay by Christopher Nolan. Based on the short story "Memento Mori" by Jonathan Nolan
101
NOTORIOUS
Written by Ben Hecht
_ _ _ _ _ _ _
